Reading the Correlation Matrix

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Reading the Correlation Matrix Let's start with a four-item Correlation Matrix, looking at the bivariate relationships between Item_1, Item_2, Item_3, and Item_4: Since the correlation matrix provides redundant information, the first thing we do is divide the matrix into its Upper Diagonal and Lower Diagonal. For this example, we will refer to the Upper Diagonal.
Recall that we can have perfect correlations (+1.00) and non-existent correlations (.00). However, more commonly, we work with imperfect correlations, such as those shown in our example. Also recall that with correlation, we get directionality and magnitude (strength) of a relationship. Let's review by looking for the strongest overall relationship among the four items. You should agree that the strongest overall relationship is between Item_1 and Item_4, where r = .817. It is the strongest because it is the closest to an absolute 1.00. This r = .817 would also be the strongest positive relationship . It is the highest (closest to 1.00) positive r value. What about the strongest negative value? You should agree that the strongest negative relationship is between Item_3 and Item_4, where r = -.534. It is the closest negative value to r = -1.00.
Let's find the weakest overall relationship among the four items. You should agree that the weakest overall relationship is between Item_1 and Item_2, where r = -.049. It is the weakest because it is the closest to r =.00. This r = -.049 would also be the weakest negative relationship .
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