PARENTING ACROSS CULTURES
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liability should a child become injured or sick while in the care of their parents or guardians. In
the dominant American subcultures, which are embracing safety-conscious parenting strategies
that might once have been viewed with disapproval as "overprotective" parenting, intensive
parenting is becoming the norm (Pimentel, 2012). In short, regulation of acceptable child rearing
depends upon the environment the child is raised in. This fact inspires reflection on how my
children would develop if raised in another environment. The lack of supervision and exposure to
the elements alarms me in some of these environments, but this is likely to stem from the severe
differences to my own upbringing and understanding of how to safely care for a child.
Culture & Play
A family's cultural background will shape how and by whom the child is raised. Culture
directly affects family roles, communication patterns, emotional styles, and beliefs pertaining to
individual autonomy, individualism, collectivism, spirituality, and religiosity (Murry, Smith, &
Hill, 2001). Many scenes of the film showed early interactions with a newborn baby, and these
scenes presented the involvement and role of each parent. In many instances, the earliest
connectivity is between the mother and infant. In some cultural settings, the father is scarcely
present. All cultures presented an early bond between mother and baby. This may be attributed to
the parental roles set forth by their culture and the division of provisional responsibilities. In
other words, the children are nurtured and cared for by one parent so that the other parent may
take on the role of provider.
As the children grew, the need for learning through play also grew. Each child learned
through interactions with others and individual exploration. The objects and obstacles they used