5451219 "Justice related topic"

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1 Stop & Frisk and Crime Student's Name Institutional Affiliation Course Instructors' Name Due date
2 Stop & Frisk and Crime Stop and frisk, also called Terry stops, is the practice in which police officers stop, search and question people for illegal items or weapons without probable cause or a warrant. According to Bandes et al. (2019), this provocative policing tactic has been employed in numerous countries; however, it is highly utilized in the United States, where it is adopted in major cities like New York. Moreover, there has been a prolonged debate amongst law enforcement officers, policymakers, and scholars on the efficiency of Stop and Frisk as a crime prevention approach. Studies reveal that supporters of this policing approach dictate that stop and frisk aids in lowering crime by eliminating weapons and contraband from the streets ( Bandes et al., 2019). In contrast, the opponents of this policing argue that it unduly targets ethnic and racial minorities and breaches their constitutional rights. Furthermore, several researchers have studied policing to assess its impact on crime rates. The following are some of the articles that explore the issue. Bandes, S. A., Pryor, M., Kerrison, E. M., & Goff, P. A. (2019). The mismeasure of Terry tops: Assessing the psychological and emotional harms of stop and Frisk to individuals and communities. Behavioral Sciences & the Law , 37 (2), 176- 194. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2401 The article "The Mismeasure of Terry's Tops: Assessing the Psychological and Emotional Harms of Stop and Frisk to Individuals and Communities" by Bandes et al. (2019) evaluates the emotional and psychological harms of Stop and Frisk on people and societies. The authors argue that prior studies on Stop and Frisk mainly concentrated on the effect of crime rates and overlooked the adverse effects for the individuals who are stopped and frisked. Additionally, the authors argue that Stop and Frisk can result in humiliation, psychological trauma, and a loss of trust in law enforcement officers (Bandes et al., 2019). Moreover, the authors conducted in-depth interviews with people who have been stopped and frisked in New York City. Their findings revealed that these people were mostly traumatized by the process, with many feeling angry, humiliated, and violated. Further findings revealed
3 that the adverse effect of stop and frisk had an effect past personal level, impacting families, societies, and social networks (Bandes et al., 2019). The authors debate that the adverse effects must consider assessing the effectiveness of stop and frisk as a crime prevention approach. Additionally, one strength of the article is that it utilizes a qualitative research approach that permits the authors to collect in-depth data on the people's experiences that have been stopped and frisked before (Bandes et al., 2019). The other strength of the study is that the authors elaborated on the significance of considering the emotional and psychological effects of stop and frisk, a topic mostly overlooked in practices and discussions. Furthermore, one weakness of the study is that it employed a comparatively small sample size, limiting the generalizability of the findings. Also, the study focused on participants that have been stopped and frisked in only New York City, which can limit the findings' applicability in other contexts and other cities. Lastly, the authors urge policymakers to consider stop-and-frisk practices' emotional and psychological consequences (Bandes et al., 2019). Vito, A., Higgins, G., & Vito, G. (2021). Police Stop and Frisk and the Impact of Race: A Focal Concerns Theory Approach. Social Sciences, 10(6), 230. MDPI AG. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10060230 The article "Police Stop and Frisk and the Impact of Race: A Focal Concerns Theory Approach. Social Sciences" by Vito et al. (2021) explores the association between race and police stop and frisk practice by employing the focal concern theory framework. To collect data for the study, the authors conducted a comparative analysis of about 125,000 individuals that the NYPD had stopped in the last 15 months. Their findings revealed that Hispanic and Black Americans were more likely to be stopped and frisked than Whites (Vito et al.,2021). However, the authors could not find any explanation regarding demographic factors or crime rate on why the disparity existed. Further findings revealed that police officers had a high probability of finding weapons and contraband when searching Black Americans and Hispanics, contrary to when searching white people. Also, the study depicted that Hispanics
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