His 206 week 1 discussion

Reflect on the restrictions and beliefs based on race, gender, ethnicity, and national origin that were common in American society during the last half of the 1800s. Think about the changes (both positive and negative) that came about as a result of the industrial revolution and westward expansion. Next, think of the different groups examined in this class. How did discrimination shape the experiences of each group? What particular challenges and opportunities did each group confront during this period? How did your chosen group impact the history of this period? Choose the group that you plan to focus on during this course. You must choose from the groups listed below:  African Americans  Native Americans  Women  Immigrants Consult The Anatomy of a Discussion Board as well as Critical Thinking: A Guide to Skillful Reasoning as you formulate your response. Some of the ways that restrictions and beliefs based on race, ethnicity, gender, and national origin shaped American society in the latter half of the 1800s are slavery, ethnic cleansing, and the invention of the social welfare system. Slavery has been a dominant factor in developing slavery from 1600 to 1850 in Europe. The enslaved Africans were shipped to the Americas for purposes of labor. These enslaved people were treated as property and not as human beings. Slavery officially ended in the United States by the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, which banned slavery. The Amendment also permitted Congress to enact legislation that would "effectively enforce this article by appropriate legislation." The 13th Amendment freed all enslaved people but did not give them rights. Blacks were still considered inferior and were still discriminated against. No law protected them from discrimination or segregation, nor did it remove them from political and economic oppression. The video, Italics: Italian Immigrants and Whiteness/Words of Love, and the blog, Irish Stereotype, demonstrated the common racial worldview in the late 19th century and today. The video and blog exposed how Italians and Irishmen were treated. There are some connections between stereotypes and racism in our society today. The stereotypes and racism in the late 19th century of Italians are similar to that of African Americans. Both suffered from prejudice and discrimination, especially by the white population. The Irish were considered foreigners by the English Americans. In 1848 a massive

wave of Irish immigrants came from Ireland into Boston. People saw them as an inferior race. They were called stupid and dirty. The Irish were often denied jobs, education, and voting rights. They were considered uncivilized, superstitious, and illiterate. Many people believed that the only work they should do was manual labor because they weren't smart enough to be anything else. The Gilded Age Avice website demonstrated the cultural expectations for women at the end of the 19th century by explaining the social roles women held in society. Women were expected to be delicate, beautiful, passive, and pleasant. The social expectations for women continued to grow more restrictive. At the end of the 19th century, young girls were expected to stay home, help their mothers, and do household chores. As they got older, girls were expected to become proper "ladies" by learning how to cook and sew or play an instrument, but it was not enough for a woman to be domestic; she had to be educated as well. These restrictions shaped African Americans' experience in late 19th century America. African Americans were forced to do laborious work like picking cotton. African Americans also weren't allowed to use the same public facilities as white people. Some of those public facilities were restaurants, bathrooms, and water fountains. They also had to sit in the back of buses and attend separate schools. The changes that African Americans made possible during this period were the Civil Rights and Black Power movements. The Civil Rights movement took place in the 1960s and was led by Rev Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. The Black Power movement was a more radical, separatist movement that started in the 1960s and was inspired by Malcolm X. References: American Women and Homes In the Late 19th Century . (n.d.). https://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA02/rodriguez/GildedAge/home.html CUNY TV. (2015, March 3). Italics: Italian Immigrants and Whiteness/Words of Love [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDDtUW4h5rk Irish Stereotype . (2018, April 11). Illustrating Chinese Exclusion. https://thomasnastcartoons.com/irish-catholic-cartoons/irish- stereotype/