RIZAL'S LIFE AND WORKS- CARAVILLE M. BEGUINWA

NAME : CARAVILLE M. BEGUINWA YEAR AND BLOCK: BSN IV-C CHAPTER 1 HISTORY OF RIZAL LAW ASSESSMENT: Instructions: Answer the following questions. 1. If the Rizal Bill had not existed before and it were proposed today, would there be objections to it? Why or why not? Yes, particularly in terms of the subject's relevance to our government's new K-12 curricula and religious convictions. The Rizal law, which mandates that all college students take a lesson on the life and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal, our National Hero. It is a nationalistic victory for the Filipinos because we respect the ideals that we can learn from Dr. Rizal's life and works. However, given the current condition of nationalism in the Philippine educational system, we cannot guarantee that no concerns would be raised, particularly from the government, regarding the relevance of this subject to the students. For some students, the Rizal bill is a waste of time, according to one typical objection. Some students believe that they don't need to study Rizal and should instead devote that time to coursework pertaining to their major. After all, university education is a specialty. Others may claim that years of fundamental education, such as elementary and secondary school, are sufficient to learn about the country's history. In terms of religious convictions, the Catholic faith is still strong and unwavering. Despite this, many Filipinos are adamant about their religious beliefs. The never-ending lessons based on the church's doctrines have a big impact on how Filipinos think. Furthermore, the church's administrators, and supporters will not remain mute if they are provoked. I believe the church felt embarrassed by the novel's portrayal of the Catholic Church. Although certain situations may differ in our sophisticated era from those in the past, the animosity endures. 2. Why is learning of patriotism from these novels a complicated process? What is the "danger" inherent in reading Rizal's novels? I believe that acquiring patriotism from these novels is not that difficult. It's because the level of patriotism displayed by Rizal is palpable. How he perceives and strives for the liberation of the land from colonization. However, there are risks involved in reading these books. There's a chance you'll be able to read the expurgated copies and learn what Rizal actually wants us to know. Rizal's novels depicted the cruelty of the Spanish monarchs and the injustices perpetrated by the friars during his lifetime. Reading Rizal's works has the potential to poison Filipino minds and jeopardize religious liberty.

NAME : CARAVILLE M. BEGUINWA YEAR AND BLOCK: BSN IV-C CHAPTER 2 SOCIOPOLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE PHILIPPINES Exercises: Discuss the following conditions that existed during Rizal's time. 11 EVILS IN THE TIME OF RIZAL 1. Inability of Colonial Administration- refers to the unstable appointment of the Governor General assigned in the Philippines.Governor-generals changed every three to four months throughout the Spanish colonial period, therefore their promises were never kept and the people were left with nothing but disappointment. As a result, no matter how zealous an official, they haven't been able to carry out their goals and haven't been able to accomplish much for the colony. There was also a lot of policy change, which led to a battle between liberalism and depotism. 2. Corrupt Colonial Officials- refers to the corruption and abuses made by the officials of the Government and the Church. During the Spanish colonial period, the Philippines had less stringent rules, which encouraged Spanish officials to sail to the country in order to collect money and other goods. They also forcibly married the heiresses of wealthy Filipino families in order to gain rapid fame and money. Governor-general Primo de Rivera, for example, ran a casino and received bribes among other things to amass vast sums of money. Friars also exploited God's word to collect and steal people's donations, and they were considered strong at the time. 3. Philippine Representation in Spanish Cortes- no Philippine representation in the Spanish Parliament. The Spanish Cortes was abolished to cover the corruption and abuse that occurred in the Philippines, resulting in a negative representation of our country and countless atrocities perpetrated by the Spanish colonizers. Because of the atrocities, the Filipinos had no way of reporting the state of the country in court. 4. Human rights denied to Filipinos- refers to the view of the Spaniards that a Filipino is a slave in which do not have any right to enjoy. Basic human rights such as freedom of expression, freedom of the press, freedom of association, and others were denied to Filipinos. The symbolic "Cry of Pugadlawin" was a way to protest Spanish oppression because the cedula was a manifestation of their tyranny in the country. La Solidaridad was also an example of this, but it failed and was confiscated in the mails because, aside from its failing foundation, the Spanish court did not agree with its demands. 5. No Equality before the law- the exception of Spaniards and mestizos in the punishment. Spaniards regarded themselves to be at the top of the social order, and the Spanish penal code was harsher on Filipinos, making court hearings unjust and impossible to win, especially if you lived in poverty. Spaniards were able to get away with crimes due to their social status and skin color, whereas Filipinos faced harsher consequences.

NAME : CARAVILLE M. BEGUINWA YEAR AND BLOCK: BSN IV-C 6. Maladministration of Justice- means that Justice is only for who can afford. Due to the inequitable treatment of Filipinos in the courts, justice was frequently delayed, resulting in justice being denied. Because it was expensive and slow, justice was nearly difficult to grasp. The majority of the judges were unskilled and inexperienced. It was likewise unavailable to Filipinos. 7. Racial Discrimination- discrimination to the Filipino. During the Spanish colonial period, racism was rampant. Dark-skinned Filipinos were referred to as "indios" and were seen as the lowest social strata, illiterate, and unwelcomed. Jose Rizal was likewise a victim of racism and was subjected to a great deal of discrimination. This is also why Spaniards thought Filipinos were inferior due to their dark skin. Doa Victorina from Noli me Tangere reflected white supremacy's poisonous mindset because she despised her appearance and desired to marry a white Spaniard to elevate her social status. 8. Frailocracy- means "Government by the Friars". During the Spanish colonization, friars were given a great deal of control. They exploited this and devised their own nefarious schemes to coerce people into abusing them. They had complete control over religion and education, as well as governmental power, which enabled them to amass even more wealth. 9. Forced Labor- refers to the mandate of the Spaniard to the Filipino to work at least 30 days a year. Polo y servicio, or forced labor, was imposed on 16-60 Filipinos. They were forced to work for 40 days a year to build schools, churches, bridges, and other structures, for which they were paid only 50 centavos or worse, nothing at all. It was then changed to 18-60 years old, with a 15-day service. By paying palla, or vast sums of money, the privileged were able to forgo labor. Valeriano Weyler, widely known as the butcher, harassed and abused Filipino laborers for his personal gain, demonstrating how heinous polo was at the time. 10. Haciendas owned by friars- the Friars claim lands that are originally owned by the Filipino Natives. Prior to the Reformation, friars were among the wealthiest landlords because they owned the best agricultural areas of land. The rural residents who had previously lived on the property became tenants, resulting in a brutal feud between the friars and the Filipinos. In retribution, the friars increased their rents, making them even wealthier. 11. The Guardian Civil- refers to the Military which is intended for stability of peace and order of the Philippines but in reality they abused the Filipino people. The Guardia Civil was established by royal decree to keep peace and order those who were opposed to that function; they were notorious for torture, rape, and other horrors. This was demonstrated in Noli meTangere with Elias.