Boom Boom Comes to Colleges
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Universities issued a lot of debt
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Colleges were good with credit and were a win-win with the creditors/sh and college
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Universities would issue debt at a low rate instead of endowment funds
Deluge of Debt Tied to Carbon Emissions and Diversity
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Companies' issues tied to ESG initiative
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2 million reward companies for lower or penalized companies for emissions and diversity
in their company with coupon rates
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2 million initiatives if the company follows through
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The investors with mutual funds are what determines
Term Structure of Interest Rates
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Term structure - relationship between time to maturity and yields - all else equal
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Yield curve - graphical rep of the term structure
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Normal - upward sloping
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Inverting - downward sloping
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Yields are made of many variables
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Interest rate premium
In the short run — interest rates would come down for it to not come down to a recession
Treasury Yield Curve
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Short-run that rates are shown high
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Most likely are doing to come down over time
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Important to corp finance — company decides price for bonds
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Shows that the yield are tied to the time
Factors Effecting Required Return
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Default risk premium - bond ratings
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Taxability premium - muni vs taxable
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Liquidity premium - bonds that have more frequent trading wil generally have lower
required returns
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Maturity premium - longer-term bonds will tend to have higher required returns