Exam 3

Exam 3 Ch. 5  Communication and Culture o Communication and culture interrelate  Communication : the process by which people transfer information, ideas, attributes, and feelings to each other. o Culturally specific o Symbols and miscommunication  Symbol : anything that represents something else. o Intercultural communication  Intercultural communication: is a process in which messages created in one culture must be processed and interpreted in another culture. o Communication Styles and Gender o Linguistic diversity o Linguicism  Linguicism : discrimination based on language. Speaking a different language from you.  Electronic Communication o Impact of o Email privacy o Misunderstandings  Misunderstanding is when we attached different meaning to the same symbol.  Areas of Development: o Examining Ourselves and Our World  Communication style  Language  Material culture  What we can create, see, touch, or feel o Expanding Our Knowledge of Others and Their Worlds  What do you assume when people...  Converse with their faces only a few inches apart?  Take a long time to answer a question?  Do not look at you when you talk to them?  Talk informally for a period of time before "getting down to business"?  Answer a question with "yes"?  Verbally challenge each other? o Stepping Outside of Ourselves  Stepping outside of ourselves: ability to process and understand another person's point of view. o Gauging the Level of the Playing Field  Relationship between speaker and receiver influences communication  Statuses  Power : the difference in power is the obstacles

 Obstacles o Checking Up on Ourselves  Entire audience?  Situation?  Options available?  Specific purpose?  Feedback?  Content, style  Offensive language?  What might I do differently?  Options available: Written communication, verbal commutation, visual communication o Following Through  Communication styles and skills - daily challenges  Developing  Expanding  Refining  Constant practice of diversity  Barriers to Effective Communication o Cultural biases  Dialects  Accents o Lack of awareness of cultural differences o Language differences o Ethnocentrism o Inactive listening  Microaggressions o Microaggressions: brief , often subtle and unintentional biases that people communicate by virtue of what they do, and the environment they create.  COMMUNICATING INCLUSIVELY o Address people the way they want to be addressed. o Keep an open mind.  Different lenses o Listen actively o Check for understanding. o Research. o Think before you say it. (e.g. ethnic jokes)*** o Avoid slang.*** o Use different styles of communication. o Do not assume you can/should ignore differences.*** o "The ability to connect and form relationships with people from all walks of life" is an absolutely essential part of any skillset today.

o Social network : a web of connections or ties that link people directly and indirectly to other people o Social networking : the process by which we make connections with others Ch. 6  What is Social Networking? o A process o Nodes and ties describes relationships, used by social network theory  Nodes are individuals (people) who share a connection in a network  Ties are the connection (lines) themselves o Online and face-to-face o Social network : a web of connections or ties that link people directly and indirectly to other people o Social networking : the process by which we make connections with others  Multiplex ties : having many relations  The Social Context of Networking o Strong and Weak Ties  Strong ties : relationships close and frequently maintained, less diverse  Weak ties : relationships that are distant and less intimate, more diverse o Strength of weak ties (Granovetter) : weak ties are more helpful in providing crucial resources. o Degree and degrees of separation  Degree : the number of ties we have with other individuals or a collectivity  Degree of separation : the measure of social distance o Trust  Trilogy of trust o Social context : the environment of people, relationships, and cultures that surround us.  Changing Dynamics of Social Networking o Digital Natives : younger people born or raised during the age of digital technologies. o Digital immigrants : people not born into digital world but learn later in life.  Diversity Consciousness and Online Social Networking o Skills  Assuming Diversity  Seeking Diversity  Leveraging Diversity  Expanding the Diversity of Online Social Networks o Maximizing Social Capital  Social capital : actual and potential interpersonal resources embedded in our social networks  Three types of resources o Psychological, social, economic o Bridging and Bonding

 Bridging : ties with people dissimilar to us.  Bonding : ties with people similar to us. o Education and Diverse Networks  People with more education has more diverse networks.  Key Diversity Issues in Online Social Networking o Identity Tourism : the process of adopting someone else's identity online  Passing : pretending to be members if another group. o Digital Divides  Age  Gender  Race/ethnicity  Social class  Disability o Global Digital Divides  Online Microaggressions o Online Microaggressions : the everyday verbal, nonverbal, snubs, or insults, whether intentional or not intentional, which communicate hostile derogatory, or negative messages. o Microinsults, micro assaults, and microinvalidations  Microinsults : a form of microaggressions that are backhanded and demeaning  Micro assaults :  most explicitly violent  obvious, deliberate  usually aren't subtle  supported by peers  Microinvalidations : message that exclude or deny people's feelings, perspectives, or realities o Cyberbullying : use of internet, cell phones, or other electronic devices to hurt, embarrass or harass someone anonymously o Default whiteness o Impact of online microaggressions o Coping strategies:  Interrupt and respond  Collect thoughts and gain control  Seek social and emotional support  Reflect on what we think took place without trying to fix or blame o Intent vs. Impact  Benefits of Diverse Social Networks o Cross-cultural Collaboration o Diversity Discussions o The Wisdom of Crowds o Resource Sharing o Collective Action and Social Change o Personal Empowerment