Language disorders in early childhood

 Language disorder (expressive or receptive)  Language impairment  Language disability - What causes language disorders? o No single cause o Intellectual disabilities/developmental language disorders secondary o Multiple risk factor may co-occur  Genetic/biological  Cognition (perception, processing, memory, learning) - Risk factor or not? o Risk factors  Hearing loss  Family history  Medical conditions  Weak muscles  Significant lack of stimulation o Not a cause  Tongue-tied  Laziness  Birth order  Being a twin (except if there were prenatal or postnatal risk factors)  Learning two languages - Early experiences, identification, and intervention to make a difference o Early ID and intervention may  Provide better and faster outcomes for the child (early experience affect brain structure, "use it or lose it" principle)  Prevent a cumulative delay  Prevent or decrease the severity of language delays in preschoolers - What is typical development?