Criteria
Japan
Ghana
Brazil
Authority Figures
Authority
figures are
treated with
the highest
respect. There
is a hierarchy
that plays a
role in business
interactions. It
is crucial to
demonstrate
deference and
politeness
towards those
in positions of
authority.
Actions that
show response
include bowing
and addressing
using titles.
(Scroope,
2021)
Figures of
authority are
treated with
respect.
Arriving on
time for
meetings and
appointments
is a sign of
respect as well
as addressing
colleagues and
superiors by
their titles and
last names.
Acknowledging
the rank and
seniority of
individuals
through titles
and formal
language is
essential.
(
Ghana -
Business Travel
2018)
Figures of
authority are
typically
treated with
respect, but
the approach is
more relaxed
and informal.
Respect is built
through
personal
relationships
and social
interactions.
Taking time to
get to know
superiors and
colleagues on a
personal level
is a way to
show respect
and build trust.
Respect for
older
individuals is
ingrained in
Brazilian
culture.
(Bbportuguese,
2023)
Levels of Formality
Ultra-Formal
:
Meetings
adhere to strict
Japanese
customs, with
deep bows,
respectful
language, and
a strong
emphasis on
hierarchy and
being on time.
They are
prevalent in
traditional
Formal:
Meetings
follow standard
business
etiquette with
polite
language,
titles, and
punctuality.
Professional
attire is
expected, and
they are
structured and
formal. They
Formal
: Strict
etiquette,
polite
language,
titles, business
attire, and
punctuality.
Common in
corporate and
with seniors.
Semi-Formal
:
Blends formal
and informal,
allowing for
